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Pathology

Pathology is a medical specialty that studies the causes, nature, and effects of diseases. It involves examining tissues, organs, bodily fluids, and autopsies to diagnose disease and understand the progression, manifestations, treatment, and prevention of various pathologies.
Sub-categories:

Anatomical Pathology involves the study and diagnosis of disease through the examination of organs, tissues, and cells. It's pivotal in identifying abnormalities that can help to diagnose disease and manage treatment.

Clinical Pathology covers the analysis of blood, urine, and tissue samples to diagnose disease. It encompasses a range of laboratory tests and is integral to the treatment and monitoring of patients.

Cytopathology is the examination of cells from body tissues to determine the cause and nature of a disease. It includes techniques such as Pap tests and fine needle aspirations.

Molecular Pathology focuses on the study and diagnosis of disease through the examination of molecules within organs, tissues, or bodily fluids. It's at the forefront of precision medicine and tailored therapies.

Forensic Pathology deals with determining the cause of death by examining a corpse. It is a crucial part of the criminal justice system in establishing time, cause, and manner of death.

Hematopathology specializes in diseases of the blood and bone marrow as well as the organs and tissues that use blood cells. Key in diagnosing anemias, leukemias, and lymphomas among other diseases.

Dermatopathology is the study of cutaneous diseases at a microscopic level and also involves studying potential causes of skin disorders at the cellular level.

Neuropathology focuses on diseases of the nervous system tissue, including the brain and spinal cord. It is essential for understanding conditions such as Alzheimer's and other neurodegenerative diseases.

Immunopathology examines diseases caused by disorders of the immune system such as hypersensitivities, immune deficiency, and autoimmunity. It plays a major role in the understanding and treatment of allergic reactions and autoimmune disorders.

Surgical Pathology entails the examination of tissues removed during surgery to help diagnose a disease and determine a treatment plan. It is a crucial step in the process of surgical intervention.

Renal Pathology deals with the diagnosis and characterization of kidney diseases. The microscopic examination of renal tissue helps in the management of patients with kidney ailments.

Gastrointestinal Pathology specializes in diseases of the digestive tract and its accessory organs, which includes the esophagus, stomach, intestine, liver, and pancreas.

Pediatric Pathology is devoted to the study of diseases present in the fetus, neonate, and child and involves understanding specific pathologic processes in children.

Genitourinary Pathology focuses on diseases of the urinary system and the male genital tract, contributing to the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of urogenital disorders.

Breast Pathology includes the assessment of breast tissue to diagnose breast diseases, such as breast cancer, and aids in the decision-making of treatment options.

Endocrine Pathology concentrates on diseases of the endocrine system, examining the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, and adrenal glands. It is essential for diagnosing various hormonal disorders.