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Civil Engineering

Civil Engineering encompasses the design, construction, and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment, including works like roads, bridges, canals, dams, and buildings.
Sub-categories:

Structural Engineering focuses on the design and analysis of structures that support or resist loads, ensuring their safety and stability.

Geotechnical Engineering deals with the behavior of earth materials and how they interact with structures built upon or within them.

Transportation Engineering involves the planning, design, operation, and maintenance of systems that facilitates easy and safe movement of people and goods.

Environmental Engineering aims to improve the natural environment, providing healthy water, air, and land for human habitation and for other organisms.

Hydraulic Engineering is concerned with the flow and conveyance of fluids, principally water, including its interactions with the environment.

Construction Engineering revolves around the planning, execution, and management of infrastructural projects, ensuring projects are completed on time and within budget.

Coastal Engineering focuses on the management and protection of coastlines, addressing erosion and providing defenses against flooding.

Surveying is the science of determining the terrestrial or three-dimensional position of points and the distances and angles between them.

Materials Engineering involves the development, processing, and testing of materials used in construction, like concrete, steel, and composites.

Water Resources Engineering is concerned with the collection and management of water (e.g., water supply, irrigation systems).

Urban Engineering includes planning and designing urban spaces by integrating various infrastructural elements to create functional cities.

Earthquake Engineering is a sub-discipline that designs structures to withstand hazardous earthquake exposures.

Municipal or Urban Engineering relates to the specifications and design of urban infrastructure, like roads, street lighting, and sewer systems.

Forensic Engineering involves investigating materials, products, structures or components that fail or do not operate as intended.

Facade Engineering is the art of balancing aesthetic and technical factors to create the building envelope, addressing the design of systems like cladding.

Traffic Engineering is a branch of transportation engineering focusing on the logistics and operational aspects of moving people and goods efficiently.