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Biotechnology

Biotechnology involves the use of living systems and organisms to develop or create products and technologies that improve human life and the health of the planet. This cutting-edge field merges principles from biology and technology, leading to innovations in medicine, agriculture, and environmental sustainability.
Sub-categories:

Medical biotechnology focuses on using living cells and cell materials to research and produce pharmaceutical and diagnostic products that help treat and prevent human diseases.

Agricultural biotechnology enhances crop yields and farming practices through genetic modification, improving resistance to pests, diseases, and abiotic stresses.

Industrial biotechnology applies to the manufacturing sector, including the production of chemicals, materials, and energy in an environmentally sustainable manner.

Environmental biotechnology solves environmental problems, such as waste treatment and pollution reduction, by harnessing biological processes.

Genetic engineering involves the manipulation of an organism's genome using biotechnology, creating modifications that do not occur naturally.

Bioinformatics combines biology, computer science, and information technology to store, analyse, and interpret biological data, predominantly DNA and amino acid sequences.

Proteomics investigates the structure and function of proteins, the primary components of the pathways and processes in cells.

Genomics is the study of the entirety of an organism's genes, their interactions, and environmental influences on their expression.

Cell culture is a laboratory practice where cells are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside of their natural environment.

Tissue engineering creates artificial organs and tissues for medical applications, combining scaffolds, cells, and biologically active molecules.

Enzyme engineering improves enzyme properties or creates new enzymes, enhancing their use in various industrial processes and products.

Fermentation technology utilizes microorganisms and enzymes for the production of compounds such as alcohols, acids, vitamins, and antibiotics.

Stem cell therapy is a form of regenerative medicine designed to repair damaged tissue and regenerate cells, showing promise for untreated diseases.

Synthetic biology combines various disciplines to design and construct new biological entities or redesign existing biological systems.

Bioprocessing involves the use of living cells or components to obtain desired products, such as in the production of vaccines, antibodies, or biopharmaceuticals.

Pharmacogenomics studies how a person's genetic makeup affects their response to drugs, aiming to optimize drug therapy for individual genetic profiles.